胰臟癌第一期~第四期過程

Pancreatic Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)

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SECTIONS

• General Information About Pancreatic Cancer
• Stages of Pancreatic Cancer
• Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer
• Treatment Option Overview
• Treatment Options by Stage
• Treatment Options for Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer
• To Learn More About Pancreatic Cancer
• Changes to This Summary (07/​02/​2015)
• About This PDQ Summary
• Get More Information From NCI
• View All Sections

Stages of Pancreatic Cancer

KEY POINTS

• Tests and procedures to stage pancreatic cancer are usually done at the same time as diagnosis.
• There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.
• Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.
• The following stages are used for pancreatic cancer:
  • Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ)
  • Stage I
  • Stage II
  • Stage III
  • Stage IV

Tests and procedures to stage pancreatic cancer are usually done at the same time as diagnosis.

The process used to find out if cancer has spread within the pancreas or to other parts of the body is called staging. The information gathered from the staging process determines the stage of the disease. It is important to know the stage of the disease in order to plan treatment. The results of some of the tests used to diagnose pancreatic cancer are often also used to stage the disease. See the General Information section for more information.

There are three ways that cancer spreads in the body.

Cancer can spread through tissue, the lymph system, and the blood:

• Tissue. The cancer spreads from where it began by growing into nearby areas.
• Lymph system. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the lymph system. The cancer travels through the lymph vessels to other parts of the body.
• Blood. The cancer spreads from where it began by getting into the blood. The cancer travels through theblood vessels to other parts of the body.

Cancer may spread from where it began to other parts of the body.

When cancer spreads to another part of the body, it is called metastasis. Cancer cells break away from where they began (the primary tumor) and travel through the lymph system or blood.

• Lymph system. The cancer gets into the lymph system, travels through the lymph vessels, and forms atumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.
• Blood. The cancer gets into the blood, travels through the blood vessels, and forms a tumor (metastatic tumor) in another part of the body.

The metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor. For example, if pancreatic cancer spreads to the liver, the cancer cells in the liver are actually pancreatic cancer cells. The disease is metastatic pancreatic cancer, not liver cancer.

The following stages are used for pancreatic cancer:

Stage 0 (Carcinoma in Situ)

In stage 0, abnormal cells are found in the lining of the pancreas. These abnormal cells may become cancer and spread into nearby normal tissue. Stage 0 is also called carcinoma in situ.

ENLARGE

Pea, peanut, walnut, and lime show tumor sizes.

Stage I

ENLARGE

Stage I pancreatic cancer. In stage IA, the tumor is 2 centimeters or smaller. In stage IB, the tumor is larger than 2 centimeters.

In stage I, cancer has formed and is found in the pancreas only. Stage I is divided into stage IA and stage IB, based on the size of the tumor.

• Stage IA: The tumor is 2 centimeters or smaller.
• Stage IB: The tumor is larger than 2 centimeters.

Stage II

In stage II, cancer may have spread to nearby tissue and organs, and may have spread to lymph nodes near the pancreas. Stage II is divided into stage IIA and stage IIB, based on where the cancer has spread.

• Stage IIA: Cancer has spread to nearby tissue and organs but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes.

  ENLARGE

  Stage IIA pancreatic cancer. Cancer has spread to nearby tissue and organs but has not spread to nearby lymph nodes.

• Stage IIB: Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and may have spread to nearby tissue and organs.

  ENLARGE

  Stage IIB pancreatic cancer. Cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes and may have spread to nearby tissue and organs.

Stage III

ENLARGE

Stage III pancreatic cancer. Cancer has spread to the major blood vessels near the pancreas. These include the superior mesenteric artery, celiac axis, common hepatic artery, and portal vein. Cancer may have spread to nearby lymph nodes.

In stage III, cancer has spread to the major blood vessels near the pancreas and may have spread to nearbylymph nodes.

Stage IV

ENLARGE

Stage IV pancreatic cancer. Cancer may be any size and has spread to distant organs, such as the lung, liver, and peritoneal cavity (the space in the abdomen that contains the intestines, stomach, and liver). Cancer may also have spread to tissue and organs near the pancreas or to lymph nodes.

In stage IV, cancer may be of any size and has spread to distant organs, such as the liver, lung, and peritoneal cavity. It may have also spread to organs and tissues near the pancreas or to lymph nodes.

• 資料來源：美國國家癌症研究中心 (National Cancer Institute, NCI)
• http://www.cancer.gov/types/pancreatic/patient/pancreatic-treatment-pdq#section/_139

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